Long wave radio and medium wave radio receiver using TBA120

Using electronic circuit diagram can b designed a very simple long wave radio and medium wave radio receiver .
This long wave radio and medium wave radio receiver circuit diagram is designed using TBA120 integrated circuit and common electronic components.
Tuning stage of this long wave radio and medium wave radio receiver also serves as active antenna that can be favorably positioned to get the best reception possible. Circuit is completely separate from the receiver, which consists of demodulator that provides audio-frequency output. Plastic case of the antenna input circuit contains a tuning coil designed on a ferrite bar (L2) and a double diode varicap. Antenna signal is transmitted to the tuning stage via a transistor (T1) repeatedly emitter ensuring a high impedance output signal to the modulator.
Received signal is amplified by the stage forming active antenna, but a part of the integrated circuit forming TBA120 modulator. L2 coil emitter serves as a shock to L3 disengages T1 and voltage supply agreement, and thereby prevents shorting the RF output signal of the active antenna. L4 does the same thing for the demodulator .
Potentiometer P2 T3's gain sets that provide a level of output signal compatible with the input necessary for any amplifier.
With the exception of L1, coils can be used for standard shocks coils. L1 consists of 250 turns of enamelled copper wire of 0.2 mm diameter, long-wave range, and 80 turns of enameled copper wire of 0.3 mm diameter (for medium waves) that is wrapped on a ferrite bar length about 20 cm and a diameter of 10 mm. Positive feedback loop is connected to an outlet of the coil located at one quarter the number of turns from the end of the ground.

Circuit Diagram:

UHF amplifier electronic project using transistor

 

Using electronic diagram below can be design a UHF amplifier useful in situations where the TV signal is weak. The UHF amplifier has a gain of 10-15 dB in a frequency range between 400 and 850 MHz.
To obtain optimum performance and good reliability, the PCB tracks should be covered with tin.
At each disc capacitors C4, C5, C8 and C9, by one of the girls is glued directly on board.
All other terminals are to be cut as short as possible and will use SMD components.
Power is from a simple source of 12 V built 78L12 stabilizer would be appropriate. TV will be connected to the amplifier through a small coupling capacitor (10-47pF).
To calibrate the assembly bring P1 cursor in the middle of his race and then adjust it to obtain the best image quality (in practice, and you get the collector current of transistor of 5-15 mA).

Circuit Diagram:

Source: http://www.hqew.net/circuit-diagram/UHF-amplifier-electronic-project-using-transistor_6844.html

Lie detector electronic project circuit design using transistors

This lie detector electronic project is designed using few common electronic parts. This lie detector can test a person whose status is modified in certain situations (as in the polygraph test) by "observing" biofeedback. Because a person's skin resistance depends on the state in which that person is, skin resistance increases with depth state of relaxation.
The electronic scheme presented, affects skin resistance frequency of oscillator built with transistor T2 . Both electrodes, with ring shape, are applied on two fingers of a hand. The more deep state of relaxation corresponds to a lower frequency sound that you will hear in your headset.
The second oscillator, built with transistor T1 also produce sound. In this case you can still adjust the height of the potentiometer P1 sound at frequencies corresponding to the other oscillator, the deepest state of relaxation. If the two oscillator signals are run separately to a stereo headset, the maximum relaxation is achieved when sound from the right side sounds has the same frequency like sound from the left side.

Circuit Diagram:

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LM1801 smoke detector circuit design electronic project

 

This smoke detector electronic project is designed using LM1801 and common electronic parts. Smoke detector circuit diagram below does not use ionization detection, gas or optocouplers it use two photoresistors (LDR's) and an LED.
Diode D1 rectifies voltage, R7 reducing voltage at a level suitable for integrated circuit.
The circuit uses a pair phototranzistors for compensation which removes any resistance caused by changes in temperature or aging effects. This circuit is made of network bridge R1, R4, two LDR's (R12, R13) connected to one of the comparator inputs common point of R4 and R13. The other comparator inputs are connected internally to the point of R1 and R2 voltage divider R12 and / R3. This arrangement provides both LDR's polarization to the same voltage, to achieve accurate tracking.
Physically, LDR s should be located so that smoke particles reflect light from the LED (D2) in R3, leading to lower its resistance. Once comparator detects this voltage drop, the integrated circuit commands Th1 triac (SCR) powering siren putting it into operating mode. Circuit sensitivity is adjusted with P1, the LED D2 should be mounted between the two photoresistors at approximately equal distances.

Circuit Diagram:

BH1417F FM stereo transmitter electronic project

Using BH1417F FM stereo transmitter IC can be designed a high efficiency FM stereo modulator electronic project .
This stereo FM stereo modulator circuit use the BH1417F FM stereo transmitter IC which consists of a stereo modulator for generating stereo composite signals and a FM transmitter for broadcasting a FM signal on the air. The stereo modulator generates a composite signal which consists of the MAIN, SUB, and pilot signal from a 38kHz oscillator.
This BH1417F stereo FM transmitter is capable of broadcasting good quality signals over a range of about 20 meters and is ideal for broadcasting music from a CD player or from any other signal source so that it can be picked up in another location.
This stereo micrometer broadcasts on the FM band (ie, 88-108MHz) so its signal can be received on any standard FM tuner or portable radio.

L1 coil comprises 2.5 turns of 0.5 - 1mm enamelled copper wire (ECW) wound onto a tapped coil former fitted with an F29 ferrite slug. Alternatively, you may also use any commercially made 2.5 turns variable coil.
The antenna for this micrometer circuit project consists of a 1.5m length of insulated hookup wire, with one end soldered to the antenna terminal.
S 1 , S2,S3,S4 switch is a SPDT subminiature switch (Jaycar ST-0300, Altronics S 1415 or equiv.) and is used for frequency selection .
Using the table below you can configure the transmitter frequency .

Circuit Diagram:

Touch switch sensor electronic project circuit design

• Sensors

A touch switch sensor electronic project can be designed using this simple electronic diagram below. This touch switch sensor use one sense switch that allows shareholders "on / off". The capacitor C1 stores the switching state at the time. Depending on the signal output of gate N1, capacitor C1 is loaded or unloaded. On reaching the sensor, the signal is returned to the entrance of N1, so that switching state change occurs .

Circuit Diagram:

hr911105a Circuit  nrf905 Circuit  tda7269a Circuit  lm317k Circuit

LM3914 LM35 electronic thermometer circuit diagram project

• Sensors

Using the LM3914 and LM35 temperature sensor can be designed various electronic thermometer projects . The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature.
The LM35 electronic thermometer does not require any external calibration or trimming to provide typical accuracies of ±1?4°C at room temperature and ±3?4°C over a full ?55 to 150°C temperature range.
The LM35’s low output impedance, linear output, and precise inherent calibration make interfacing to readout or control circuitry especially easy. It can be used with single power supplies, or with plus and minus supplies. As it draws only 60 μA from its supply, it has very low self-heating, less than 0.1°C in still air.

Circuit Diagram:

Source: http://www.hqew.net/circuit-diagram/LM3914--LM35-electronic-thermometer-circuit-diagram-project_6746.html

Proximity detector electronic project circuit design

A very simple proximity detector can be made using this electronic scheme. This electronic circuit reacts to the presence of a conductive object within a particular field. Circuit sensitivity can be adjusted with potentiometer P1 for the desired distance. The electronic circuit consists essentially of a monostable oscillator and a tipping stage. Oscillator is built with transistor T1. This is why a flap that oscillator frequency is particularly stable, because the capacity of the transistor is in parallel with relatively large capacities C1 and C2 of the oscillating circuit. Surface acts as a sensor oscillator circuit capacity of, capacity may be small in comparison with C1 and C2. in this configuration, the oscillator operates at about 1 MHz.
High frequency signal is amplified and eventually rectified. In this way receives a control pulse to monostable tipping stage consisting of T3 and T4. By using VFET's possible to order the relay switching by tipping stage. Switching time is determined by adjusting potentiometer P2.

Circuit Diagram:

Touch sensor switch using inverters

• Sensors

This touch sensor switch can is designed using inverters (N1, N2)and some common electronic components. In standby state at the entrances of N1 there is a signal produced by oscillator N3/N4. At the touch sensor hand capacity forms a bridge to the ground for the 1MHz signal so that the voltage signal at the entrance of N1 decreases more (at the exit of N2 is logical 1). After the release of contact, a signal charge C4 through D1 Mhz, so the output of N2 is 0 logic after short time.
Installation can be powered with a DC voltage between 3 and 15 volts (maximum current of 2 mA is absorbed).

Circuit Diagram:

TDA7294 bridge power amplifier circuit diagram electronic project

tip42 Circuit  tl431c Circuit  lm1875t Circuit  AT24c512 Circuit  tda8177 Circuit

Using TDA7294 audio amplifier integrated circuit in bridge mode configuration , can be designed another Hi-Fi power amplifier .
In this TDA7294 bridge power amplifier the value of the load must not be lower than 8 Ohm for dissipation and current capability reasons.
The main advantages offered by TDA7294 bridge mode configuration are:
High power performances with limited supply voltage level, Considerably high output power even with high load values ( 16 Ohm).
The output power of this amplifier in bridge connection is 150 W with Rl= 8 Ohm , Vs = /-25V the and 170 W output power for Rl=16 Ohm, Vs = /-35V.

Circuit Diagram:

Power amplifier using transistors

 

Using some power transistors and some other common electronic components, can be designed a high power audio amplifier capable to provide a maximum output power of 90W.
This power amplifier based on transistors is capable of provide an output of 70W on a load of 8 ohms or 90W on a 4 ohms load.
If the component values in parentheses are used can be connected speakers with 4 ohm impedance, in which case the amplifier maximum output power will be around 90 watts.
The input signal is brought to the transistor T1 and the reaction is taken on the basis of T2. Current through deferential stage is kept constant at 1 mA current source through the action of T3. The input signal for T4/T8 transistor is taken from the T1's collector in combination with current source T5 forms a control stage class A for power transistors. Current through control stage is quite small (about 7 mA) as T6 and T9 are Darlington power transistors.
Protection circuit from Fig. 2 must also be changed when using a 4 ohm load. R24 and R28 values are then 3k9, R26 and R28 are 220 ohms, and D5, D6 and R30 are all eliminated.
Rectified voltage for 70 W / 8 ohms version is ± 40 V to be in load, no load, this corresponds to about ± 47 V. At 4 ohms, these values are ± 34, respectively, ± 40 V.
The transformer used must provide for alternative 1A 70 W / 8 ohm (mono) and 2.2 A for version 90 W / 4 ohms.

Circuit Diagram:

This Wearable Shoe Phone Will Transform You Into James Bond!

You’re wondering that you can be as cool and calm as James Bond? Would you want to feel the like as the secret agent? If you did, then this wearable shoe phone can satisfy your desire!

To be honest, it wasn’t a new idea, as it has been discovered since long time ago. However, have you ever try to do it yourself? You might think it’s an “Mission Impossible” to get this project done, but the truth is it fairly easy to build it!

All you have to do is preparing the following things:

1. A pair of shoes with wooden heels (You’ve to make sure that it’s big enough to fit a box 77x43x17 mm, the size of the Panasonic GD55 cell phone)
2. Dremel
3. Kitchen Knife and fork
4. Strong glue
5. A tiny Hex screwdriver
6. A powerful drill
7. A jigsaw

First of all, you have to attach the rubber base of the heel by some nails and strong glue. Next, mark the area in the wooden heel that needs to be cut out and make sure the phones fits in the hole perfectly. Then, putting the cell phone into the bottom of shoe and you’re done with it.

Now, you can become a secret agent and get your mission done whenever you want! [Go on http://www.hqew.net/circuit-diagram/This-Wearable-Shoe-Phone-Will-Transform-You-Into-James-Bond!_14054.html]

The Proper Ways to Prepare The Eagle Designs For Manufacture

You have to prepare many multi-platform eagle designs for manufacture, but you have no ideas what to do about it?

Well, there are many ways to turn an eagle design into an actual PCB. One of the best ways is to save the eagle designs as industry-standard gerber files, where you can use the gerbers files to order a single prototype or in a full panel.

For your information, the toner transfer is the favorite choice of beginners to make a PCB, as the total investment in materials is minimal comparing with other methods. Most of the PCBs are made with the photo-resist process, since the photo process makes nice boards, but it requires a bit of equipments.

While some of the board manufactures, such as the olimex, can be used to make PCBs directly from eagle .brd files. Olimex requires a minimum order of one eurocard-sized PCB (100mmx160mm).

Here’s the simple process of Eagle Designs:

1. Firstly, you’ll need to prepare the design;
2. Secondly, create grebes and generic files that accepted by any PCB fab house;
3. Thirdly, remember to verify the gerbers;
4. Lastly, send the design for production!

The best and cheapest option you can get is to submit gerber files like the professionals, and the best part about it is any of the PCB manufacturers will accept gerber formatted design files without any further modification!

Watch Out For The Artificial Noses!

Every time when you watching the crime scene investigation (CSI) or other criminal series investigation programmes, you will be very familiar with the police officers that dragging those police dogs, which have been trained for several years in sniffing out drugs and explosives weapons to scouring around the suspected revenue.

A group of scientists from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) would like to bring some good news to the public, where they have moved a step closer to create a high perception and accuracy “artificial noses” after years of researches in this field.

According to the Shuguang Zhang, the associate director of MIT’s Center for Biomedical Engineering, he explained that although they have found a way to mass-produce smell receptors in a laboratory, but they still need to carry on the research to recreate smell, which it’s considering as one of the most complex and least understood of the five senses.

The RealNose team will continue to work with researchers from all around the world to develop a portable microfluidic device, where it can be used to identify various smells, including those diseases with distinctive odors, example like diabetes, lung, bladder and skin cancers. [source: http://www.hqew.net/circuit-diagram/Watch-Out-For-The-Artificial-Noses!_14022.html]

Save your time with great and updated Eagle library from SparkFun

If you like designing PCB’s with Eagle CAD software this Eagle library may save you tons of time. It has many great footprints that are popular but not included in standard Eagle library like RGB through-hole LED, 16×2 LCD, Relays, RCA Jack, 3.5mm Audio Jack and more. Check out full list which is updating time to time.

Also if you’re new to Eagle don’t forget to check Eagle Tutorials for fast start.

Learning From The Electronic Experts!

Do you have a lot of passion in the electronic field or you may even want to major the electronic and make it as your career? If you did, then you must keep read on the rest of the paragraphs!

Did you know there is a site named a€?Electonics.wisc-online‘ that is in cooperation with the Wisconsin Online Resource Center and it’s based upon works supported by the National Science Foundation? Well, it’s a very interesting and interactive electronic and electrical learning site, which it is mainly focusing on concepts that cover a broad range electromechanical program!

If you spend a few couple of hours on it, you’ll probably find out that the majority of these objects have been created for electronics. However, beside the electronic projects, there are at least 300 more objects that being built on other topic, such as the hydraulics, pneumatics, mechanical design etc.

For you information, these objects were mostly created by the experienced instructors from Fox Valley Technical College and other prestige colleges in the Wisconsin Technical College System. The best part about this site is the project was perfectly demonstrated in an evaluation and being conducted at FVTC during the 2004-2005 academic year. The presentation is neat, easy to understand and very awesome indeed!

Come and check it out yourself, who know that you might learn something new today!

The Environment Friendly Home-built Wind Turbine

The Global warming is becoming worse and worse everyday and we all have the responsibility to prevent it from getting worst! Many scientists have undergoing numerous types of research to experiment and invent the best eco-green energy generating methods.

According to the survey, the wind energy is one of the most eco-friendly and clean energy after the solar energy. The only major drawback of this wind energy is it doesn’t generate any electricity, if the wind stopped blowing to the wind turbine!

Well, you must think that you’ll need many components for building this wind turbine. Nah, you can start the project with a generator, three blades, a mounting, a tower, some batteries and an electronic control system.

If you’re not familiar with the generator, then you should use the ready made surplus permanent magnet DC motors as generator than build your own generators! Or, if you have a better choice with generator, then you can go for it. Remember, a great generator is supposed to have high DC voltage, low rpms and high current! Let’s take an example, a motor rated for 360 rpm at 30 volts will produce at least 12 V compare with the motor rated at 7200rpm at 24 volts.

The Outstanding and Remarkable Drew

Walking robot is always an interesting project, especially for those who love to spend a lot of time making research on how to improve the movement of the robots!

Well, today you’ve the opportunity to build a stunning yet outrageous walking machine. They’re naming it as “Drew’s Robot”.

For your information, most of the walking machine is radically symmetrical. They’re normally having two or four legs with two degrees of freedom each. The amazing part about the Drew’s Robot is it controlled through a wireless link from a hand-held controller, which is based on two Wii Nunchucks.

The Drew’s Robot is a great amusement or entertainment. By showing it in front of your family or friends, it will instantly catch their attention for sure! By the way, you can practice your robot building skill by developing this Drew’s Robot.

You can control the Drew’s Robot by using the joysticks on the two Wii Nunchucks. Did you know that the robot has no on-board processing? In this case, you’re require to handle the error-checking or decoding the serial data stream from the hand controller!

To be honest, the power indicator in front the body part is the coolest part of the Drew’s Robot. It made from a 5/8 inch uranium-glass marble held in a copper wire cage, which is surrounded by six high-power ultraviolet LEDs.

LM78L05  MJE340  SR360 74HC373  74HCT244  74HCT245

New Technique is the key to Cheaper Electronics

Electronics gadgets have been the new trend in everyone’s daily life. Go and check out your friends/colleagues houses. You’ll at least find more than ten or more electronics gadgets in every corner of the house.

However, some of the electronic gadgets, such as the computers, are still expensive, due to the components that being used to build it.

In order to overcome the downfall, a group of scientists from the University of Minnesota had created nano-scale structures on silicon templates. It can be used repeatedly!

Basically, it’s the latest technique, which is a five-minute epoxy that can be easily found at a local hardware store.

The scientists began the experiment with a single block of silicon. After that, they placed a mask over the block and treated the exposed area with potassium hydroxide. The potassium hydroxide is used to etch various structures into the silicon chemically. As a result, the process creates a pattern in the silicon and serves as a template!

Furthermore, the smart team has discovered the way to reuse the templates. They’ll peel the metal off and revealed the ultra-smooth patterned surface underneath, instead of destroying the silicon! Or, the silicon can be saved by adding more metal on it!

The research team believed that the new technique would be able to create cheaper electronics in the near future. [discovery]

Reprinted Url Of This Article:
http://www.hqew.net/circuit-diagram/New-Technique-is-the-key-to-Cheaper-Electronics_14185.html

The Conventional Raindrops Spectrometer Will Take Record of Every Raindrop!

We always have the common thought that larger raindrops fall faster than smaller raindrops, as they have a greater terminal speed. Talking about the terminal speed, it’s the speed when the downward force of gravity is same as the upward air resistance.

In order to proof it’s wrong, two physicists, professors Alexander Kostinski and Raymond Shaw from Michigan Technological University, co-authored with Guillermo Montero-Martinez and Fernando Garcia-Garcia at the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, have already discovered that the common sense about the raindrops are wrong!

The fantastic four have performed the research, by gathering rainfalls data at the Mexico City campus of the National University of Mexico. During the three years research, they’ve gathered more than 64,000 raindrops using optical array spectrometer probes and a particle analysis.

After long and detailed experiments, they’ve made the conclusion that some smaller raindrops can fall faster than bigger ones. To be honest, these small raindrops have the ability to fall faster than their terminal speed. This means, they have the momentum to fall incredibly faster than drops that size and weight are supposed to be able to fall.

“We need to first understand the rain formation processes and be able to calculate the amount of rain, before we want to forecast weather or rain accurately,” said Mr. Shaw.

It seems that the weathermen have always been overestimating the amount of raindrops in the weather forecast.

The World's Smallest Plasma Torch is ready for Your Service!

What will you think about, when someone mention about the Plasma torch? For your information, the plasma torch is having no relationship with the ordinary light torch, as we cannot use it to shed the light in the dark! Instead, a plasma torch is a high tech device, which generates a directed flow of plasma from its nozzle.

Chunqi Jiang, a talented professor at University of Southern California, have been developed the world’s smallest plasma torch for dentistry niche. According to Jiang, his main goal is to guarantee the customers won’t have to see the dentist for a follow-up visit!

Jiang described that Plasma, which is also known as “Ionized Gas”, is one of the four basic states of matter (The other three are solid, liquid and gas). Did you know that plasma is the most common state of matter, not only on the Earth, but also in the Solar system, stars and the universe as well?

All stars create plasma, by super-heating atoms. On the Earth, human being are mostly use super-heated plasma to rip trash apart at an extremely high temperatures!

Now, thanks to Jiang invention, the plasma torch can be used to kill bacteria on teeth or wounds. Honestly, it’s a new breakthrough for plasma technology! [http://www.hqew.net/circuit-diagram/The-World$3fs-Smallest-Plasma-Torch-is-ready-for-Your-Service!_14163.html]

The Futuristic Electric Shoes!

Is anyone here who love Segways? Well, Segways is a very cool and stylish transport, but it’s way too big, especially for the children!

If you want your children to have some fun, but you’re afraid that they might get injured playing the skateboard or rollerblade, then this iShoes is your idea choice here!

It’s very simple to operate the iShoes, where all you have to do is simply strap them onto your shoes. With the handheld control, you’re able to travel at speeds up to 13.5 mph (21.6 km/h). By pushing the handheld button, it allows you to accelerate or braking down instantly.

To be honest, the iShoes’ rider needs to have a certain amount of skill, if they want to ride on the iShoes. It’s very easy to learn, as most people are mastering it, after a few times of practices.

By the way, when the iShoes’ rider wants to make a turn, they have to slowing to a stop, turning and continuing. However, for the experienced riders, they can easily make turn with a skiing style, which is placing one leg forward and steering with it, without having to slow down the speed!

The iShoes run on rechargeable Lithium batteries, where it can go 2 to 3 miles or 30 minutes of casual riding on a single charge.

Therefore, for those who love stylish and sophisticated stuffs, this iShoes is definitely a cool collectible.

http://www.hqew.net/circuit-diagram/iShoes-$3f-The-Futuristic-Electric-Shoes!_14144.html

USB Ultrasound Imaging Became Possible with Smartphone!

In the past, it’s impossible to combine the medical and technology fields together. However, thanks to the advent technology, most of the impossible mission becoming possible, especially in this bizarre 21^stcentury!

The concept, “Cell Phone as a Platform for Healthcare” had been worked out since few decades ago. However, due to the lack of technology, it has been postponed for a very long time.

Today, a group of talented computer engineers from the Washington University in St. Louis are invented the minimalist approach to medical care and computing. They’d successfully combined the USB-based ultrasound probe technology with a smartphone, which is enabling a compact, mobile computational platform and a medical imaging device that is only the size of a palm!

The fantastic duo, William D. Richard, PhD. WUSTL associate professor of computer science and engineering and David Zar, Richard’s colleague have made commercial USB ultrasound probes that compatible with Microsoft Windows mobile-based smartphones.

For enabling the commercial USB ultrasound probes work with smartphones, the duo had to figure out the way to optimize every aspect of probe design and operation. They need to overcome those consequences that might happen, from power consumption and data transfer rate to image formation algorithms.

With the new USB ultrasound probes, it’s possible to build smartphone compatible USB ultrasound probes, especially for imaging/scanning the kidney, liver, bladder, eyes, prostate, uterine, vascular, veins and arteries!

“Believe it or not, you can carry a probe and cell phone image to everywhere you want,” Said Richard.

The USB ultrasound imaging can be easily applied in all the ambulances and emergency rooms. The smartphones is running in Windows System, which is compatible with most of the cell phone SDKs!

Maybe it would become the essential computer of the 3^rdworld countries, where medical trainers are very scarce. In this case, they will have the access to a medical healthcare with only a simple touch on the smartphones!

Furthermore, Richard said that the smartphone would be a popular device in the military, as it can quickly diagnose how bad the situation of a wounded soldier was during the battlefield!

According to Richard, there is more than 70 percent of the world’s population absolutely has no direct access to medical imaging! As a result, it’s impossible for them to take an MRI or CT scanner, especially in the rural area that has no power supply.

Thus, by developing this USB ultrasound imaging, it’s a new breakthrough for the people from all around the world to use the application.

Richard colleagues, David Zar said that they have a main vision of the new system. They have to make sure that the people in remote areas are well-trained with the basics of gathering data with the phones, so that the users can identify and analyze the image and make a diagnosis based on the imaging.

In this case, Zar had written the phone software and firmware for the probes, while Richard came up with low-power probe electronics design! They hoped to minimize the building cost, from the original $30,000 to as low as $500 per device, or even lower than it did!

The amazing duo has discussed a potential collaboration with researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and it’s mainly about integrating their probe-smartphone concept into a suite of field. By the way, the trial for medical application had been carried out in several developing countries. [source: http://www.hqew.net/circuit-diagram/USB-Ultrasound-Imaging-Became-Possible-with-Smartphone!_14148.html]

What artificial intelligence can do these days?

Artificial Intelligence is part of computer science program which deals in making machines behave and perform operations which a human being can perform. People have been trying to make machines behave like human for a very long time and today with the help of advanced computing people are able to achieve it. Artificial Intelligence in short is termed as AI. There are various departments where Artificial Intelligence can be extensively used. Out of all departments defense is one area where artificial department has been widely used.

Gaming is another department where artificial intelligence is getting used. Gaming is a very popular among youngsters and when these machines starts responding to human being’s request people get more exited. There is both advantage and disadvantage in Artificial Intelligence. One of the great advantages is that by using artificial intelligence technology we can make machines perform human being activities thus minimizing human labor. You can use machines to perform work which human being found difficult. Now a days human being can sit in their office and control their house computer. Not one researcher can invent an artificial intelligence systems, it takes years to build a proper and advanced artificial intelligence system.

Making a defense machine work like a human being is not an easy task. There are many researchers who have been working on this to build a machine which can perform the exact way a human being can perform. Now a days, machines fly outer-space where human being can never imagine of traveling. It’s all because of these artificial intelligence technology these things are possible. It is not possible to make a machine feel the way human beings feel but its possible to make a machine perform activities which human being performs. This is achieved with the advanced artificial intelligence systems. There are many robots which are being created by many scientists across the globe. They use many algorithms which are embedded into machine language thus making a robot perform activities like that of human.

Now a days artificial intelligence is being used extensively in defense, medical and research. With the help of artificial intelligence systems doctors are able to diagnose and operate on a human being without any complications. It’s a modern world and everything is being interconnected with computer. Thus people can buy anything from any corner of the world. There are machines which perform human being work like washing dishes, making coffee, cooking, talking on phone etc. Most of the companies prefer their work to be automated instead of manual thus minimizing human labor and also errors.

A machine once embedded with AI technology will generate proper report when compared to a human being with emotions. AI systems have to be checked before getting released. If an AI system is released with worm it can have a devastating effect on the network. There are many institutes which help people learn more about artificial intelligence and help in create an AI system. Artificial Intelligence is like an ocean and never-ending department. There are many more AI systems to be invented in the future.

Source: http://www.hqew.net/circuit-diagram/What-artificial-intelligence-can-do-these-days$3f_14084.html

Introduction of Laser TV threatens plasma and LCD TV market

The recent advancements in the field of science and technology has inspired common man to follow the path laid by astounding gifts of science. Television is all time favorite pass time of people living all over the world. Hence people demand quality in viewing thereby motivating scientists and manufacturers to come up with certainly best technology to inspire them to buy. As it is now consumer’s market now a day, this involves various choices to customer to ponder upon. Hence it is the duty of manufacturer to develop ways to make the buyer satisfied about the product inducing him / her to go in for procurement. This summarizes overall outlook of market in recent years. Customers want change to happen as quickly as possible and demand that change to be highly beneficial for them. This enables manufacturers to materialize the ideas proposed by research and development department present in particular firm. All this provoked the introduction of Laser TV to conquer the whole world in years to come. With the proposal of introduction of laser TV one can ensure that laser TV has all the capabilities to institute effective revolution as far as the television viewing is concerned.

Theory behind laser TV

Application of lasers is quite awe-inspiring enabling the advent of new technological advancements to rule the world at least for a year or two.Laser TV utilizes all the positive aspects provided by lasers to suffice the demands placed by a customer. Use of semiconductor lasers to project the images has provoked manufacturers to implement them for production of good quality pictures using laser technique. This is been quite eminently incorporated for production of commercial television with improved level of performance. Laser technique employed in projection constitutes three types of lasers of varied wavelengths. These wavelengths give out different color such as red, blue and green. But practically use of laser of blue and green wavelengths are impossible at normal ambient conditions. Hence this incorporates new technique namely frequency doubling to materialize the implementation of blue and green lasers. It uses generation of harmonic waves to carry the images for projection. This enables powerful image processing and image projection. This also reduces flickering on screens providing grandeur look to the pictures. Hence the overall performance of television is totally enhanced by great numbers.

Comparison of laser TV with plasma and LCD TV

Hue mixing in laser TV is quite precise enabling best performance in projection of all vibrant colors. The ability of laser technique to reproduce images with utmost definition influences quality of projection in positive way. The perception of images may be quite clear and registering in mind with ultimate accuracy. Also laser TV facilitates better color palette that enables flickering effect to go out of thinking. The construction is simple with lesser design constraints when compared to LCD and plasma television. The high power rating of lasers reduction in degradation of images than in other television technologies. It emulates economics factor bestowing people with lesser expenditure on displays.

Future Robots Are Ready To Replace Human Beings

Robots are one of the greatest milestones in the field of science and technology. They are ready to replace human beings. They can even be a friend to you or a companion when you need someone. Japan is one of the birth place of most of the robots. In Japan people are trying to design a robot which can even show emotional reactions like fear, anger, sadness , disgust , happiness and even surprise. When you say a word like ‘war’ to the robot he immediately shows the emotion of fear and when you say love the robot smiles with its pink lips. What more do you expect a assembled metal and wires to do ?

Future of robots is very wide and more sophisticated uses. There are researches going on to bring about a robot to monitor the farming. The robot would know the need of the plants and act based on that. When a plant needs water then robot would water them, or if the plant needs nutrients then that would be supplied by the robot. So robot is not restricted to computer field and heavy machinery industries motor industries but also to paddy fields.

Japanese feel the success of robotic engineering would be achieved only if the intelligent robot can live side by side along with the human beings doing day today tasks.

Most of the companies have good looking robots as receptionist. They can welcome the staff and attend calls with their recorded computerized voices. There are robots even to clean and vacuum the office corridors. Robots are also installed at sophisticated homes for feeding the elderly people. Some robots look so realistic to give a lively touch to give comfort to the lonely people. Such move their heads once in a while and blink their eyes.

Not only the Japan government but also other countries are funding the study and research on robots. IN Japan at least 42 million dollars is spent for humanoid robots and around 10 million each year from 2006 to 2010 for various technological robots. Also the government plans to assign at least 25 million dollars in year 2025. Robotics is considered to be one of the developing fields of science and also supposed to help the human community to a great extent. The only disadvantage of robots is that they can replace human mechanical work very easily. But whatever happens there is nothing to replace human intelligence. In Japan the robots are always depicted as friendly creature helping human community rather than like destroying creatures in science fiction movies.

When compared to other countries Japan stands first in inventions and manufacturing of robots and robot technology development. Japan stand out as a power house of robot manufacturing. Unimaginable count of robots are already working in various factories and industries in Japan. There were around 300 thousand robots working in Japan even in 2005. The advantages of?? deploying the robots to work in factories are , they don’t get tired, they don’t take sick leaves, they don’t ask for pay hike nor over time salary or retiring benefits. Robots can work 24 hours a day and 7 days a week without any rest. Only that they just need to be charged for their power to work.

The Five Degrees of Freedom Robotic Arm!

You’re in love with those challenging projects, especially robotic developing projects that require high-end technology? Ok, how about spare some of your precious times and get yourself involved in the five degrees of freedom robotic arm project?

Since all of the software and hardware that being used in this project is in open source, thus you can easily download all the programming code from the internet.

Well, it might seem a little bit simple from its appearance, but this five degrees of freedom robotic arm is really out of your imagination! For example, it can handle laser cutting and bolt counting without any hassle at all.

However, there’s an obstacle in developing this robotic arm. For those people who never involving themselves in the robotic field, you’ll find this project is a little bit too over for you to handle with! In this case, you might have to spent endless hours, where to control the twisting knobs to move pop cans from one point on the desk.

In overall, this five degrees of freedom robotic arm is still an amazingly fun robotic toy. Furthermore, it’s also a good starting point for those that want to pursue some new skill in the robotic development field!

Topobo robot with kinetic memory

Robot toys are very popular among children these days. Especially DIY robot kits are getting more popular as these kits simulate imagination and creativity. Topobo kit is becoming a most playful robot kit with kinetic memory where assembled robot can memorize it motion and play it back. It is possible to teach robot various motions like animal walk, dance by simply guiding it.

Topobo was developed by three researchers of MIT Media Lab. This is not new toy, but since 2003 it was used for various exhibits and only few luckies could try this toy. Now this kit is widely accessible.

Topobo kit consists ofpassives– different building blocks based on cubic and tetrahedral crystals andactivesthat are robotic nodes withkinetic memory. There also are so calledQueen activesthat can be used as remote controllers or for centralized control. Other special parts are backpack or simply blocks with sensors and feedback, where without special knowledge they can be used without special programming. Of course there also is a remote controller which enables to control robot remotely. There is also useful controlled called Topobo Remix which acts as a sampler / sequencer to compose robotic motion.

By using these components it is possible to assemble various robots that mimic real life animals like dogs, crabs or even futuristic creatures. The main thing remains that it is possible to program any motion you can imagine without need of computer. So how it is possible?

Probably every knows Lego Mindstorms kit NXT which can be programmed using PC. Programming interface of NXT-bots is pretty simple – based on drag’n drop (of course it is possible to write own programs by using one of the languages including RCX code, ROBOLAB, C ). But this still need some computer skills that 5 year old kids may not have. Topobo kit removes the need of computer – everything is built inside and combines so that children could play like with regular toys.

WPvideo 1.10

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Just assemble a bot walk through the table and then allow it to repeat the action.

Right now Topobo is available in market as various kits starting from $499 where kit includes two actives, 85 passives; and ending with $4999 1000 part kit that includes 16 actives. Prices are quite high, but image the time spent with kids building various moving monsters.

The Era of Space-Based Solar Power is soon arriving!

In this 21^stcentury, where the development of technology is skyrocketing every day, there’s no doubt that there will be even more high-tech inventions being created in the upcoming years…

According to the Peter Sage, the entrepreneur of Space Energy Incorporated has been mentioned that the Space-based solar power (SBSP) is going to be a reality in the near future. With this Space-based solar power, it enables the solar panels to be floated in the middle of space and harnessing energy from the sun. This means that the solar panels can absorb the solar power 24 hours a day, regardless of the day and night!

Sage elaborated that the basic concept of Space-based solar power is having solar cells in space collecting energy from sun, and then it converts the energy into a low intensity microwave beam. It will be sent down to Earth, collected on a rectenna and fed into the power grid to provide unlimited electricity.

Do you know that there’s almost 200 million gigawatts of solar energy is beamed towards the Earth every second and if we can find the effective way to harness the energy, then the shortage of electricity will soon be overcome!

The Spectacular SunCat Rechargeable Batteries with Solar Cells!

You’re very concern about the global warming matter? You want to do something to reduce the side effects of the global warming, but you didn’t know where you should start with? Well, in this case, you might want to have your starting point in the recycle with these SunCat rechargeable batteries!

You must be wondered, “What’s the specialty of this batteries and why I should have it?” Honestly, the specialty about the batteries is you can do it with your bare hand (prototype).

If you think that those rechargeable batteries are a little bit fuzzy and inconvenience, then you can make your very own “SunCat rechargeable batteries” with integrated solar cells surrounding all over the batteries.

It’s very simple to create the “SunCat rechargeable batteries” . Firstly, you have to prepare two or more older NiMH rechargeable batteries. Next, you must glue the flexible Photo Voltaic (PV) cells onto the batteries. For your information, the PV cells are mostly rated at 1.8 V and it can match pretty well with the 1.5 V batteries!

Lastly, put all the “SunCat rechargeable batteries” under the sunshine as long as you want it to be. Voila, you now have the SunCat rechargeable batteries fully charged and they’re ready to be used in any electrical appliances!

Typical Application Circuit for The TA2024

The Tripath chip is a switching amplifier that uses a spread spectrum PWM technique to generate the audio output. This output is then filtered through a simple 2nd order low pass passive filter to remove the ultrasonic switching residue and leave the audio signal that is sent to the speakers

The folllowing you will see a typical application circuit for the TA2024

You will notice that the TA2024 is a stereo bridged amp. This is obvious from the schematic as we can see the dual push pull transistors for each channel and the 2 sided output filters. The chip is designed to run off 12VDC, so the bridged mode is needed to squeeze more power out of the 12V.

http://www.hqew.net/circuit-diagram/Typical-Application-Circuit-for-The-TA2024_14338.html

Modification of Tripath TA2024 Amplifier Tamp Super Budget

A package from the People's Republic of China dumped into the mailbox this week. In an article in the Sound and Vision as mentioned a mini amplifier with usb input that surround.no had taken, I saw in the comments that deal extreme selling the same amp. After some searching I found another amplifier based on TA2024 without usb, and then started google ball rolling with reading about Sonic T-Amp, Tripath, TA2024A, B and C. I wound a little haphazard up buying this on ebay for $ 40 incl P:


It says in the ad that it should be based on TA2024B, but in reality it turned out to be the old TA2024 (A). As if I did not know enough about Chinese quality and veracity of the industry. Well, well.

Anyway, it sounds very decent to cost the equivalent of 1 new DVD. But we can not just stop there? So this is the thread where all proposed modifications will be received with thanks! See attached photos for goodies components are carefully selected.

This like so many others seem to be based on Tripaths own circuit suggestions: Data Sheet, see page 5 and 6 A difference that I find is that 2 pieces' listening CSW stated to 180 V μF/16 they have spent 470 mF / 16 V. Is it done in an attempt to improve the power capacity in? In the data sheet recommended high quality Panasonic conditions or the like. Should these be replaced or upgraded?

At the end there are 4 pieces of fluff on 10μH and 4 pcs Co. of 0.47 mF. It says 0.22 mF should be used with 8 ohm load. Could it be something to be gained from switching output coils and capacitors? I had a little trouble finding the coils with low inductance at Elfa.

PIC Light Chaser

This month I am continuing with the PIC projects that I started in August. To be able to build this circuit you must build the August circuit which allows you the ability to program PIC's.

The circuit this month is a simple 8 light chaser built around a PIC. This will demonstrate how easy it is to program a PIC and to utilize it in a circuit. The circuit works as follows. When power is supplied to the circuit the PIC resets and starts to process instructions that are programmed into it.
The program will turn on each LED in sequence with a small delay between each one. It will continue to do this until power is removed. The nice feature with this circuit is that you can program it to perform many complex lighting sequences. Normally you would have to rebuild a hardware based circuit to change the light sequence. With a PIC all you need to do is reprogram it and plug it back into the circuit. I am assuming that you will be using an IC socket. The circuit is show below and then I will discuss the program that is programmed into the PIC.

The program is listed below:

;File DEMO.ASM

;Assembly code for PIC16F84micro controller

;Blinks LED's on the outputs in a rotating pattern.

;With 75khz osc, each LED stays on half a second.

;CPU configuration

; (its a 16F84,RC Oscillator, watchdog timer off, power-up timer on)

processor 16f84

include <p16f84.inc>

_config _RC_OSC &_WDT_OFF &_PWRITE_ON

;Declare variables at 2 memory locations.

J equ H'1F';J=Address hex 1F

K equ H'1E' ;K=Address hex 1E

;Program

org 0 ;start at address 0

;Set port B as output and initialize it

movlw B'00000000' ;w : =00000000 binary

tris PORTB ;port B ctrl register := w

movlw B'00000001' ;w := 00000001 binary

movwf PORTB ;port B itself := w

;Rotate the bits of port B leftward

mloop: rlf PORTB,f

;Waste some time by executing nested loops.

movlw D'50' ;w := 50 decimal

movwf J ;J :=w

jloop: movwf K ;K :=w

kloop: decfsz J,f ;J = J -1, skip next if zero

goto kloop

decsz J,f ;J = J - 1, skip next if zero

goto jloop

;Do it all again

goto mloop

end

The program works as follows. The first few lines in the program are what is called comment lines. Comment lines assist us in documenting what each part of the programs function is. If a program is commented well, then it will be easier later own to understand why the program was written the way it was. Any line that begins with a semicolon is a comment line and will be ignored when the assembler is run. The assembler is another program that will convert these written instructions and convert them to binary data to be programmed into the PIC. The first true commands that the PIC will process is theprocessor, includeand_config.These instructions tells the assembler that it is using 16F84 instructions. The second instruction says to include a set of predefined constants in a file called P16F84.inc. Finally, the third instruction sets various configuration bits in the PIC to turn on the RC Oscillator, turn off the watch dog timer and turn on the automatic power up reset timer. That way the PIC will reboot every time power is applied. The twoequinstructions reserve memory space in the PIC's RAM for two variables, which is being called "J" and "K". The locations are in Hex 1E and 1F. Theses locations will be used to store counters to keep track of how many times a loop has been repeated. Theorginstruction tells the assembler that the program starts at location 0. in the program memory and that the actual program is next. The first real PIC instruction is a

movlwinstruction that clears the working register calledW. That number is then copied into theTRIScontrol register forPort B, setting pins 6 - 13 to outputs pins instead of input pins. Next the program puts binary00000001into theWregister and copies it toPort B. That lights the LED connected to pin 6. But before you have time to actually see the LED come on, the program executes anrlfinstruction that rotates the contents ofPort Bto the left , changing the data to00000010. That will light the LED on pin 7 instead. Repeating that instruction will give00000100, and then000010000and so on, making the LED's flash in a marching pattern. In between rotations, the program needs to wait about a half second so that action isn't to fast to see. That is the purpose of the delay loop. It stores the decimal number 50 in memory locations "J" and "K" usingdecfszinstruction to count down from 50 to 0. Thedecfszinstruction means " Decrement and skip next instruction if zero. The last instruction in the program ismloopwhich sends the program back to the beginning. Theendinstruction is not a CPU instruction. Instead it tells the assembler that the program is over. To compilethe program for the PIC we will be using a program that can be downloaded directly from the Microchip Web site. The program is called MPLAB. It is a developmental program for compiling and testing PIC programs. It will run under Microsoft Windows. The second piece of software that will be needed is the No Parts Programmer (NOPPP) that also works under Microsoft Windows. The use of the program is straight forward. You will load an object file that was created by MPLAB and program it into the PIC. After successfully programming the PIC and testing the circuit, try to modify the program to light the LEDS in a different pattern and then reprogram the PIC and test it.